تأثیر تغییر کاربری زمین‌ و گسترش کشاورزی بر روی خشک شدن دریاچه‌های بختگان و طشک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده زمین شناسی، پردیس علوم، دانشگاه تهران.

2 دانشکده زمین شناسی، پردیس علوم، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در سال‌های اخیر دریاچه‌های بختگان و طشک با بحران کم‌آبی و خشکی مواجه شده‌اند. در نبود داده کافی، نقش گسترش کشاورزی در خشک شدن این دریاچه‌ها ناشناخته باقی مانده است. هدف از این پژوهش، تعیین تأثیر تغییرات کاربری زمین و گسترش کشاورزی بر کاهش مساحت دریاچه‌های یاد شده است. به این منظور، با استفاده از سنجش از دور، تغییرات سطح آب دریاچه‌ها و همچنین مساحت زمین‌های کشاورزی حوضه آبریز بختگان در سه دهه گذشته تعیین شد. نتایج نشان می‌داد که طی سال‌های 1366 تا 1386، وسعت زمین‌های کشاورزی در تمام دشت‌های حوضه افزایش یافته است. با شروع خشکسالی در سال 1386 و همزمان با آغاز کاهش چشمگیر سطح آب دریاچه‌ها، دشت‌های واقع در بخش‌های میانی و پایین‌دست حوضه با کاهش چشمگیر و دشت‌های بالاست با گسترش قابل توجه زمین‌های کشاورزی روبرو بوده‌اند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که علاوه‌بر عوامل اقلیمی، گسترش کشاورزی در بالادست حوضه نیز در خشک شدن دریاچه‌های بختگان و طشک نقش داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Impact of Land Use Changes and Expanding of Irrigation on Drying up of the Bakhtegan and Tashk Lakes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Hoseini 1
  • Morteza Mozafari 2
  • Elham Fijani 2
1 School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran.
2 School of Geology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes (SW Iran) have been rapidly drying up during since 2007. In the absence of sufficient data, impacts of changes in land use on drying up of the lakes remain as yet undetermined. At this study, an attempt has been made to determine the effect of land use changes on shrinking of the lakes. The changes in the area of Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes together with the area of irrigated lands during the last three decades were determined by remote sensing analysis. By beginning of 1987 until 2007, the area of irrigated lands was increased from 1253.01 to 2506.11 km2 at all plains in the basin. Since 2007, two different behaviors have been detected in the area of irrigated lands at the upstream and downstream sectors of the basin. At downstream, all plains have experienced a significant reduction in the area of agricultural lands, but a considerable extension was detected in the upstream plains, where the lands were mainly cultivated with rice. Results show that the Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes had completely dried up as a result of the combined effects of meteorological drought and irrigation development (particularly at the upstream part of the basin).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bakhtegan and Tashk lakes
  • Drought
  • Irrigated lands
  • Remote sensing
  • NDWI and NDVI indexes
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