پیش‌بینی مصرف آب کولرهای تبخیری موجود در شهر قم براساس تغییرات اقلیمی و افزایش جمعیت: مدل‌سازی ریاضی و ترمودینامیکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات تولید و بازیافت مواد و انرژی، واحد قم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قم، ایران.

2 مرکز تحقیقات انرژی و توسعه پایدار، واحد سمنان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سمنان، ایران.

3 دفتر توسعه پایدار و مدیریت مصرف، شرکت آب و فاضلاب استان قم، قم، ایران.

10.22091/cer.2024.10972.1563

چکیده

با توجه به بحران آب در سال‌های اخیر و تغییرات اقلیمی پیش رو، امکان استفاده از کولرهای آبی، به‌عنوان یکی از بزرگ‌ترین منابع مصرف آب در جامعه ایران، موردتوجه محققان، سیاست‌گذاران و تصمیم‌گیرندگان در این زمینه قرار گرفته است. این مقاله با هدف بررسی تأثیر راندمان اشباع و ظرفیت کولرهای آبی بر مصرف آب در شرایط اقلیمی شهر قم انجام شده است. در این راستا مدل ترمودینامیکی حاکم بر سیستم‌های سرمایش تبخیری ارائه شده و برای اعتبارسنجی مدل‌سازی ترمودینامیکی از بررسی تجربی استفاده شده است. نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان می‌دهد که راندمان اشباع و دبی هوای کولر تأثیر مستقیم بر روی مصرف آب کولر دارند به‌طوری‌که افزایش راندمان اشباع از 40 درصد به 90 درصد در یک کولر آبی با ظرفیت 5000، منجر به افزایش 131 درصد در مصرف آب می‌شود. همچنین، افزایش ظرفیت کولر نیز به طور مستقیم بر مصرف آب مؤثر است. به عنوان مثال، یک کولر سلولوزی 7000 حدود دو برابر یک کولر 3500 آب مصرف می‌کند. از سوی دیگر، کولرهای پوشالی با راندمان پایین‌تر، مصرف آب کمتری داشته، اما دمای خروجی هوای آن‌ها بالاتر است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که افزایش راندمان کولرهای آبی به‌منظور بهبود عملکرد آن‌ها، به‌طور هم‌زمان منجر به افزایش قابل‌توجه مصرف آب می‌شود. بنابراین، برای مدیریت بهینه مصرف آب در بخش خانگی، لازم است سیاست‌هایی برای تشویق استفاده از سیستم‌های سرمایشی کارآمدتر و کاهش وابستگی به کولرهای آبی تدوین شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Predicting Water Consumption of Evaporative Coolers in Qom City Based on Climate Change and Population Growth: A Mathematical and Thermodynamic Modeling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hadi Kargarsharifabad 1
  • Nader Rahbar 2
  • Hasan Farmani Entezam 3
1 Production and Recycling of Materials and Energy Research Center, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
2 Energy and Sustainable Development Research Center, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran.
3 Sustainable Development and Consumption Management Office, Qom Water and Sewerage Company, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Given the escalating water crisis and impending climate change, the sustainability of evaporative cooling systems, particularly direct evaporative coolers, has become a pressing concern in Iran, one of the world's largest consumers of this technology. This study aimed to investigate the impact of saturation efficiency and capacity on water consumption in particularly direct evaporative coolers under the specific climatic conditions of Qom, Iran. A thermodynamic model was developed to simulate the performance of these systems, and its results were validated against experimental data. The modeling results indicated a direct correlation between saturation efficiency, airflow rate, and water consumption. Specifically, increasing the saturation efficiency from 40% to 90% in a 5000 CFM air conditioner led to a 131% increase in water consumption. Moreover, larger capacity units consumed significantly more water. For instance, a 7000 CFM cellular pad cooler consumed roughly twice as much water as a 3500 CFM unit. Conversely, while conventional pad coolers with lower saturation efficiencies consumed less water, they also resulted in higher discharge air temperatures. These findings underscore the trade-off between improved cooling performance and increased water consumption in high-efficiency evaporative cooling systems. Consequently, to optimize water use in residential settings, there is a pressing need for policies that promote more efficient cooling technologies and reduce reliance on water-cooled air conditioners.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaporative coolers
  • Water consumption
  • Climate change
  • Qom city
  • Thermodynamic modeling

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