تاثیر ماده فعال سطحی بر پاکسازی خاک رسی آلوده به گازوئیل با استفاده از فرآیند الکتروکینتیک و تعیین مقاومت تک محوری خاک رس پس از پاکسازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی عمران- ژئوتکنیک، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و منابع زمین، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی بازرسی فنی، دانشکده نفت آبادان، دانشگاه صنعت نفت، آبادان، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران

10.22091/cer.2022.8264.1403

چکیده

آلودگی خاک‌های حاوی مواد نفتی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های زیست‌محیطی جهان امروز به شمار می‌رود. بنابراین ضروری است تا در مورد پاکسازی مواد نفتی از جمله گازوئیل تدابیری صورت گیرد. جهت پاکسازی این ترکیبات از خاک راهکارهای مختلف از جمله استفاده از فرآیند الکتروکینتیک به‌کار می‌رود. نتیجه فرآیند الکتروکینتیک در خاک، حرکت آب، یون‌ها و ذرات باردار در اثر ایجاد اختلاف پتانسیل الکتریکی می‌باشد. در این تحقیق، پاکسازی خاک رسی آلوده به گازوئیل به روش الکتروکینتیک در حضور مواد فعال سطحی ABTS و Saponin مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است و اثر کنترل pH در کاتولیت و آنولیت بر فرآیند اصلاح الکتروکینتیکی خاک رسی ارزیابی شده است. نتایج نشان داده که در غیاب ماده فعال سطحی، روش الکتروکینتیک بازدهی حذف خیلی کم به میزان 3 تا 7 درصد داشته ولی در حضور ماده فعال سطحی بازدهی حذف افزایش چشمگیری به میزان 20 تا 54 درصد داشته است. با کنترل pH در کاتولیت و آنولیت و افزایش غلظت ماده فعال سطحی بازدهی حذف گازوئیل از خاک افزایش یافته است. با کاربرد Saponin، کمترین میزان حذف در غلظت 0.05 برابر با 20 درصد به‌دست آمده است، در حالی که ABTS توانسته حدودا 54 درصد از گازوئیل را در بیشترین غلظت ماده فعال سطحی (0.15 درصد) حذف کند. در ادامه تحقیق، آزمایش تک محوری جهت تعیین مقاومت فشاری محصور نشده نمونه خاک انجام گرفته است که نشان می‌دهد که فرآیند پاکسازی سبب افزایش مقاومت فشاری خاک به میزان 15 درصد خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Surfactant on Cleaning of Diesel Contaminated Clay Soil Using Electrokinetic Process and Determining the Uniaxial Resistance of Clay after Cleaning

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Taherian 1
  • Maryam Yazdi 2
  • Iman Danaei 3
  • Amirali Zad 4
1 PhD Student in Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Technical Inspection Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Petroleum, University of Petroleum Industry, Abadan, Iran
4 Department of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad Uinversity, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Pollution of soils containing petroleum products is one of the most important environmental challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures for the purification of petroleum products, including diesel, to clean these compounds from the soil, various solutions are used, including the use of electrokinetic process. The result of the electrokinetic process in the soil is the movement of water, ions and charged particles due to the difference in electrical potential. In this study, the purification of diesel-contaminated clay by electrokinetic method in the presence of ABTS and saponin surfactants is investigated and the effect of pH control on catolite and anolite on the electrokinetic modification process of clay is evaluated, The results show that in the absence of the surfactant, the electrokinetic method has a very low removal efficiency of 3% to 7%, but in the presence of the surfactant, the efficiency is significantly increased by 20% to 54%, with pH control in Velit. and anolyte and the amount of active substance increase the level of efficiency of diesel removal from soil. With the use of Saponin, the lowest amount of removal at a concentration of 0.05% equal to 20% has been obtained, while ABTS has been able to remove about 54% of diesel at the highest concentration of surfactant (0.15%), in the continuation of the research A uniaxial test has been conducted to determine the unconfined compressive strength of the soil sample, which shows that the cleaning process increases the compressive strength of the soil by 15%.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrokinetics
  • Clay
  • Diesel
  • Surfactant
  • Compressive strength

مراجع

[1] Reilley, K. A., Banks, M. K., & Schwab, A. P. (1996). Organic chemicals in the environment: dissipation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere. Journal Environmental Quality, 25, 212-219. doi: 10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500020002x
[2] USEPA (2000). A resource for MGP site characterization and remediation, EPA/542-R-00- 005, Washington, DC.
[3] Salehian, E. (2012). The possibility of cleaning soil contaminated with diesel fuel with the help of detergents using a laboratory pilot, Journal of Environmental science and technology, 14(1), 73-82. [In Persian] 
[4] Berg, M. S., Loehr, R. C., & Webster, M. T. (1998). Release of petroleum hydrocarcon from bioremdiationed soil”. Journal of Soil Contamination, 7(6), 675-695. doi: 10.1080/10588339891334537
[5] Li, J. L. and Chen, B. H. (2002). Solubilization of model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by nonionic surfactants, Chemical Engineering Science, 57(14), 2825-2835. doi: 10.1016/S0009-2509(02)00169-0
[6] Huang, H., Tang, J., Niu, Z., & Giesy, J. P. (2019). Interactions between electrokinetics and rhizoremediation on the remediation of crude oil-contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 229, 418-425. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.150
[7] Pamukcu, S., & Wittle, J. K. (1994). Electrokinetically enhanced in situ soil decontamination, In Remediation of hazardous waste contaminated soils, 245-298.
[8] Saichek, R. E., & Reddy, K. R. (2005). Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of hydrophobic organic compounds in soils: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 35(2), 115-119. doi: 10.1080/10643380590900237
[9] Ramírez, E. M., Camacho, J. V., Rodrigo, M. A., & Cañizares, P. (2015). Combination of bioremediation and electrokinetics for the in-situ treatment of diesel polluted soil: A comparison of strategies, Science of the total environment, 533, 307-316. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.127
[10] Saichek, R. E., & Reddy, K. R. (2003). Effect of Ph control at the anode for the electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from kaolin soil, Chemosphere, 51(4), 273-287. doi: 10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00849-4
[11] Acar, Y. B., & Alshawabkeh, A. N. (1993). Principles of electrokinetic remediation. Environmental Science and Technology, 27(13), 2638-2647. doi: 10.1021/es00049a002
[12] Shapiro, A. P., & Probstein, R. F. (1993). Removal of contaminant from saturated clay by electroosmosis, Environmental Science and Technology, 27(2), 283-291. doi: 10.1021/es00039a007
[13] Lambet, P., Fingas, M., & Goldthorp, M. (2001). An Evaluation of Field Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil by Composting in biopiles, Environ. Pollut, 409-411.
[14] Pamukcu, S., Weeks, A., & Wittle, J. K. (1997). Electrochemical separation and stabilization of selected inorganic species in porous media, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 55(1-3), 305-318. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3894(97)00025-3
[15] Pazos, M., Rosales, E., Alcántara, T., Gómez, J., & Sanromán, M. A. (2010). Decontamination of soils containing PAHs by electroremediation: A review, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 177(1-3), 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.055
[16] Bahemmat, M., Farahbakhsh, M., & Kianirad, M. (2011). Electrokinetically enhanced remediation of contaminated soil with Ni by use of humic acid and fulvic acid, In Proceedings of 12th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 3-8 September, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. [In Persian]
[17] Eykholt, G. R., & Daniel, D. E. (1994). Impact of system chemistry on electroosmosis in contaminated soil, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 120(5), 797-815. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1994)120:5(797)
[18] Seyed Razavi, S. N., Khodadadi, A., & Ganjidoust, H. (2012). Treatment of Soil Contarninated with Crude-Oil Using Biosurfactants, Journal of Environmental Studies, 37(60), 107-116. doi: 20.1001.1.10258620.1390.37.60.11.5 [In Persian]
[19] Khataei, B., Mokhtarani, N., & Ganjidoust, H. (2017). Removal of crude oil from soil using surfactants-enhanced electrokinetic method, Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, 33(2.1), 107-114. doi: 10.24200/j30.2017.4544 [In Persian]
[20] Barba, S., Villaseñor, J., Rodrigo, M. A., & Cañizares, P. (2017). Effect of the polarity reversal frequency in the electrokinetic-biological remediation of oxyfluorfen polluted soil, Chemospher, 177, 120-127. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.002
[21] Vocciante, M., Dovì, V. G., & Ferro, S. (2021). Sustainability in ElectroKinetic Remediation Processes: A Critical Analysis, Sustainability, 13(2), 770. doi: 10.3390/su13020770
[22] Lisbeth M. Ottosen, Thomas H., Pernille E., Jensen, Gunvor M., Kirkelund, Henriette Kerrn-Jespersen, Nina Tuxen, Bente H. Hyldegaard, (2019). Electrokinetics applied in remediation of subsurface soil contaminated with chlorinated ethenese A review, Chemosphere, 235, 113-125. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.075
[23] Gidudu, B., & M. Nkhalambayausi Chirwa, E. (2020). Application of Biosurfactants and Pulsating Electrode Configurations as Potential Enhancers for Electrokinetic Remediation of Petrochemical Contaminated Soil, Sustainability, 12(14), 5613. doi: 10.3390/su12145613
[24] Ma, Y., Li, X., Mao, H., Wang, B., & Wang, P. (2018). Remediation of hydrocarbon–heavy metal co-contaminated soil by electrokinetics combined with biostimulation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 353, 410-418. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.131
[25] Vaishnavi, J., Devanesan, S., AlSalhi, M. S., Rajasekar, A., Selvi, A., Srinivasan, P., & Govarthanan, M. (2021). Biosurfactant mediated bioelectrokinetic remediation of diesel contaminated environment. Chemosphere, 264, 128377. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128377
[26] Ukleja, J. (2020). Stabilization of landslides sliding layer using electrokinetic phenomena and vacuum treatment. Geosciences, 10(8), 284. doi: 10.3390/geosciences10080284
[27] Saini, A., Bekele, D. N., Chadalavada, S., Fang, C., & Naidu, R. (2020). A review of electrokinetically enhanced bioremediation technologies for PHs, Journal of Environmental Sciences, 88, 31-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.08.010
[28] López-Vizcaíno, R., Yustres, A., León, M. J., Saez, C., Cañizares, P., Rodrigo, M. A., & Navarro, V. (2017). Multiphysics implementation of electrokinetic remediation models for natural soils and porewaters. Electrochimica Acta, 225, 93-104. doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.102
[29] Nasiri, A., Jamshidi-Zanjani, A., & Khodadadi Darban, A. (2019). The Effect of Time and pH on Improving the Efficiency of the Electrokinetic Method for Remediation of the Soil Contaminated by Chromium. Journal of Mineral Resources Engineering, 4(4), 111-125. doi: 10.30479/jmre.2019.9945.1213
[30] Ghobadi, R., Altaee, A., Zhou, J. L., Karbassiyazdi, E., & Ganbat, N. (2021). Effective remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology incorporating reactive filter media. Science of The Total Environment, 794, 148668. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148668
[31] Cameselle, C. (2021). Enhanced Electrokinetic Remediation for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils, Department of Chemical Engineering, BiotecnIA, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain, Appl. Sci.
[32] Boulakradeche, O. M., Merdoud, O., & Akretche, D. E. (2022). Enhancement of electrokinetic remediation of lead and copper contaminated soil by combination of multiple modified electrolyte conditioning techniques. Environmental Engineering Research, 27(4), 210167. doi: 10.4491/eer.2021.167
[33] Cai, Z., Sun, Y., Deng, Y., Zheng, X., Sun, S., Romantschuk, M., & Sinkkonen, A. (2021). In situ electrokinetic (EK) remediation of the total and plant available cadmium (Cd) in paddy agricultural soil using low voltage gradients at pilot and full scales. Science of the Total Environment, 785, 147277. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147277
[34] Farahbakhsh, M., Sheikhpoori, H., & Kiani Rad, M. (2018). The effect of PH on electrokinetic modification of a microstructure contaminated with crude oil, Iranian Soil and Water Research, 49(3), 483-491. doi: 10.22059/ijswr.2017.38715.666902 [In Persian]
[35] Taghavi Shirazi, M., Shojaii, A., Aliasl, J., & Aliasl, F. (2018). Natural laundry detergents from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine. Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine, 8(4), 439-449. [In Persian]
[36] Reddy, K. R., & Saichek. R. E. (2004). Enhanced electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene from clay soil by periodic electric potential application. Journal of Environmental Science and Health part A, 39(5), 1189-1212. doi: 10.1081/ESE-120030326
[37] Reddy, K. R., & Saichek, R. E. (2003). Effect of soil type on Electrokinetic removal of phenanthrene using surfactants and cosolvents. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 129(4), 336-346. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:4(336) 
[38] Schwab, A. P., SU, J., Wetzel, S., Pekarek, S., & Banks, M. K. (1999). Extraction of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil by mechanical shaking. Environmental Science and Technology, 33(11), 1940-1945. doi: 10.1021/es9809758
[39] Hatta, M., Measures, C. I., & Ruzicka, J. J. (2019). Determination of traces of phosphate in sea water automated by programmable flow injection: Surfactant enhancement of the phosphomolybdenum blue response, Talanta, 191, 333-341. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.045
[40] Fan, G., Cang, L., Fang, G., & Zhou, D. (2014). Surfactant and oxidant enhanced electrokinetic remediation of a PCBs polluted soil, Separation and Purification Technology, 123, 106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2013.12.035
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار