تحلیل عددی حفر تونل‏های بزرگ‌مقطع و ارزیابی اثرات زیست‌محیطی ناشی از افت سطح آب زیرزمینی (مطالعه موردی: تونل راه‌آهن کوهین محور قزوین- رشت)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی معدن و مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی ارومیه.

2 استاد، دانشکده مهندسی معدن، ژئوفیزیک و نفت، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود.

3 دانشکده مهندسی معدن و متالورژی، دانشگاه یزد

چکیده

امروزه یکی از چالش‌های مدیریت ایمنی فضاهای زیرزمینی در حال ساخت، جریان یافتن آب به داخل این تونل است. این موضوع یکی از مهم‌ترین مسائلی محسوب می‌شود که آثار مخربی بر روند عملیات حفر تونل و فعالیت‌های جنبی بعد از آن (نصب سامانه نگهداری) دارد؛ بنابراین محاسبه میزان نرخ نفوذ آب به داخل تونل به‌منظور پیش‌بینی تمهیدات ایمنی، قبل از شروع عملیات تونل‌زنی اهمیت بسزایی دارد. علاوه‌بر اثرات نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی ناشی از افت سطح آب زیرزمینی، رخ دادن پدیده نشست در سطح بالای تونل و سطح ایستابی و تغییر روند جریان آب زیرزمینی در منطقه، از جمله مواردی است که در صورت عدم توجه به آنها، حوادث و سوانح غیرقابل جبرانی اتفاق می‌افتد. بنابراین باید تمهیدات لازم برای کاهش وقوع این حوادث در نظر گرفته شود. در این پژوهش، اثرات نامطلوب زیست‌محیطی ایجاد شده در اثر حفر تونل راه‌آهن کوهین مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است که شامل نشست زمین در سطح ایستابی و تغییر در روند جریان آب زیرزمینی در منطقه می‌شود. راهکارهایی برای کاهش این اثرات ارائه شده است که می‏توان به بازیابی سطح آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از پوشش بتنی آب‌بند بدون انجام عملیات زهکشی و به‌کارگیری همزمان روش فورپولینگ اشاره کرد. به‌کارگیری این موارد، مستلزم استفاده از پوشش بتنی با خصوصیات مقاومتی بالا جهت تحمل فشار هیدرواستاتیکی آب جمع شده در پشت پوشش است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Groundwater Levels Drop Due to the Excava-tion of Large-Scale Tunnels (Case Study: Kouhin Rail-Way Tunnel)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Reza Mikaeil 1
  • Mohammad Ataei 2
  • Farhang Sereshki 2
  • Amir Jafarpour 3
1 Faculty of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology
2 Faculty of Mining, Petroleum & Geophysics Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

Today, one of the challenges in safety management of under-ground excavations is the water inflow into them. The tunnels and underground constructions are causing to remove a pile of soil and rock area and significant changes in the state of tension it’s around environment. Invasion of groundwater in-to the excavation area is a major problem in excavation of tunnels that is located below the hydrostatic levels. The un-derground-water inflow into the tunnels is an important issue in the tunnel engineering. The subsidence of the ground in hydrostatic levels, reduce the aqueduct water resources and springs that are located in downstream of the tunnel, are en-vironmental problems of the tunnel excavation operations. In the present study, the groundwater inflow into the Kouhin tunnel railway is modeling with FLAC2D software. The effects of groundwater inflows in the tunnel that while excavation are studied by numerical model. In other hands, initially in-vestigated the adverse environmental effects caused by the Kouhin railway tunnel excavation (subsidence the ground water levels and changes in the groundwater inflow in the region) and then provide some strategies for reducing these effects. The strategies that can be used in prevention of groundwater flow into the underground tunnels are: Under-ground water level recovery with application of concrete sealing operations without drainage and simultaneous use of forepoling methods that to be presented as a solution to re-duce environmental impact. Doing this requires using of con-crete lining with high strength properties to withstand hydro-static pressure of water collected on the back cover.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Safety Management
  • Environmental Impact
  • Ground Subsidence
  • Groundwater Level
  • FLAC2D
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