شبیه‌سازی عددی آزمایش سه محوری روی مخلوط ماسه و تراشه تایر با استفاده از روش اجزا مجزا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی سیرجان، سیرجان، ایران.

چکیده

تایرهای فرسوده یک معضل مهم برای محیط زیست هستند. یکی از راه­هایی که برای ساماندهی آن ها مطرح شده است، اختلاط تایر در اندازه­های مختلف با خاک است. مطالعات زیادی روی خواص تایر و مخلوط خاک و تایر انجام شده که در بین آن­ها مطالعات عددی کمترند. در این پژوهش سعی شده که رفتار مخلوط به صورت واقع­بینانه شبیه­سازی­ها شود. به دلیل انعطاف پذیری تراشه­های لاستیک، شکل دانه­های ماسه و ناهمگن بودن مخلوط از روش اجزا مجزا برای شبیه­سازی­ها استفاده شده است. در این روش، ویژگی­های هندسی و خواص مکانیکی هر دانه و خواص توده در مقیاس دانه­ای شبیه‌سازی می­شود. در این پژوهش برای انجام شبیه­سازی­ها از نرم­افزار YADE استفاده شد. تراشه لاستیک با ابعاد 40×80 میلی­متر در نمونه­هایی با صفر، 20، 40، 60 و 80% تراشه لاستیک به صورت حجمی شبیه­سازی شد و تحت سه تنش همه­جانبه 100، 200 و 400 کیلوپاسکال آزمایش سه محوری انجام شد و با ادبیات فنی مقایسه گردید. به منظور بررسی ناهمسانی، برش در دو جهت عمود بر صفحه تراشه لاستیک (جهت z) و موازی با آن (جهت y) به نمونه­ها اعمال گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که هنگام بارگذاری در جهت z تراشه ها رفتار مسلح کنندگی از خود بروز می دهند. همچنین تعداد تماس­های بین دانه­ای با افزودن تراشه لاستیک افزایش می یابد. گرچه زاویه اصطکاک بیشینه با افزودن تراشه برای بارگذاری در هر دو جهت، دائما کاهش می یابد، اما به ازای تنش های ماندگار، نمونه 40% در جهت z بیشترین زاویه اصطکاک را از خود نشان می­دهد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Discrete Element Simulation of Triaxial Test on the Sand-Rubber Shred Mixture

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohsen Asadi Zeidabadi
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sirjan University of Technology, Sirjan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Scrape tires pose a significant environmental challenge. One proposed management strategy is mixing soil with tire additives of various sizes. While numerous studies have investigated the properties of tires and soil-tire mixtures, numerical studies remain relatively scarce. This research aims to simulate the mixture's behavior realistically. Given the flexibility of rubber shreds, the irregular shape of sand grains, and the inherent heterogeneity of the mixture, the Discrete Element Method (DEM) was employed for simulation. This method allows for the simulation of geometric features and mechanical properties of individual particles and bulk behavior at the granular scale. The simulations were conducted using the YADE software. Rubber shreds measuring 80×40 mm were simulated in samples with volumetric rubber shred contents of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The triaxial tests with confining pressures of 100, 200, and 400 kPa were simulated and the results showed good agreement with existing literature. To investigate anisotropy, shear was applied in two directions: perpendicular to the rubber shred plane (z-direction) and parallel to it (y-direction). The results indicate that the shreds exhibits reinforcing action when loading is in z-direction. Furthermore, the contact number increases with the addition of rubber shreds. Although the peak friction angle consistently decreases with higher rubber content for both z and y directions, the sample with 40% rubber shreds exhibits the highest friction angle under residual stress conditions in the z-direction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rubber chip
  • Discrete element method
  • Sand-rubber shred mixture
  • Reinforcement
  • Anisotropy

مراجع

[1] Singh P, Bo MW, Leong EC, Soltani A, Banasiak L, O’Kelly BC, et al. Material recovery from waste rubber tyres and their geoenvironmental utilisation: a review. Environmental Geotechnics. 2025; 12(6): 467-480. doi: 10.1680/jenge.24.00103
[2] Erscovich DMS, Sieira ACCF, Medeiros LV, Sayão ASFJ. Scrap tire: a civil engineering material. International Journal of Engineering. 2004; 17: 1-24.
[3] Yoon S, Prezzi M, Siddiki NZ, Kim B. Construction of a test embankment using a sand–tire shred mixture as fill material. Waste Management. 2006; 26(9): 1033-1044. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.10.009
[4] Youwai S, Bergado DT. Strength and deformation characteristics of shredded rubber tire- sand mixtures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2003; 40(2): 254-264. doi: 10.1139/t02-104
[5] Mashiri MS, Vinod JS, Sheikh MN, Tsang H-H. Shear strength and dilatancy behaviour of sand–tyre chip mixtures. Soils and Foundations. 2015; 55(3): 517-528. doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2015.04.004
[6] Amel-Sakhi M. Optimization of waste tire chip dimensions to improve sand strength: Isfahan: Isfahan University of Technology; 2001. [In Persian]
[7] Ghazavi M, Amel-Sakhi M. Influence of Optimized Tire Shreds on Shear Strength Parameters of Sand. International Journal of Geomechanics. 2005; 5(1): 58-65. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2005)5:1(58)
[8] Qafuri Amirbande S, Saba HR, Nokandeh M. Investigation of the effect of Sizes Crumbed of worn Tires in shear strength parameters of Sandy soil. Amirkabir Journal of Civil Engineering. 2023; 55(4): 893-910. doi: 10.22060/ceej.2017.11800.5082 [In Persian]
[9] Kazemzadeh M, Moghadam MJ, Zad A. Influence of Tire-Shred Aspect Ratio on Performance of Mechanically Stabilized Retaining Walls. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2024; 49(4): 4597-4619. doi:10.1007/s13369-023-08184-y
[10] Ghazavi M, Khosroshahi E. Bearing capacity of circular footings on multi-layered sand-waste tire shreds reinforced with geogrids. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2024; 16(3): 1085-1094. doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2023.04.026
[11] Mohammad Ebrahimi MA, Amel-Sakhi M, Bakhtyari-Doust R. Numerical analysis of lateral displacement and bending moment of double-anchored sheet pile with tire-chip-reinforced backfill under static and pseudo-static conditions. Journal of Earthquake Science and Engineering. 2024; 11(2): 73-83. doi: 10.48303/bese.2023.1989384.1110
[12] Amel-Sakhi M, Mohammad Ebrahimi MA, Bakhtyari-Doust R. Numerical investigation of the effect of waste tire–chip–reinforced sand on sheet pile behavior. Journal of the Iranian Society for Engineering Geology. 2024; 17 (2): 1-14. [In Persian]
[13] Cundall PA, Strack ODL. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Géotechnique. 1979; 29(1): 47-65. doi: 10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47
[14] Kozicki J, Niedostatkiewicz M, Tejchman J, Muhlhaus H-B. Discrete modelling results of a direct shear test for granular materials versus FE results. Granular Matter. 2013; 15(5): 607-627. doi:10.1007/s10035-013-0423-y
[15] Lopera Perez JC, Kwok CY, Senetakis K. Effect of rubber size on the behaviour of sand-rubber mixtures: A numerical investigation. Computers and Geotechnics. 2016; 80: 199-214. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.07.005
[16] Asadi M, Mahboubi A, Thoeni K. Discrete modeling of sand–tire mixture considering grain-scale deformability. Granular Matter. 2018; 20(2): 18. doi:10.1007/s10035-018-0791-4
[17] Zhang J-Q, Wang X, Yin Z-Y. DEM-based study on the mechanical behaviors of sand-rubber mixture in critical state. Construction and Building Materials. 2023; 370: 130603. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.130603
[18] Gong L, Nie L, Xu Y, Wang H, Zhang T, Du C, et al. Discrete element modelling of the mechanical behaviour of a sand-rubber mixture containing large rubber particles. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 205: 574-585. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.01.214
[19] Zhang J, Chen X, Zhang J, Jitsangiam P, Wang X. DEM investigation of macro- and micro-mechanical properties of rigid-grain and soft-chip mixtures. Particuology. 2021; 55: 128-139. doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2020.06.002
[20] Lv Y, Yang S, He Y, Ma X, Pang M, Xiong L. Discrete element analysis of sand-tyre chips mixtures with different tyre chip orientations under triaxial compression tests. Construction and Building Materials. 2023; 365: 130081. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.130081
[21] Asadi M, Thoeni K, Mahboubi A. An experimental and numerical study on the compressive behavior of sand-rubber particle mixtures. Computers and Geotechnics. 2018; 104: 185-195. doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.08.006
[22] ASTM D638. ASTM D638-14,. Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics: ASTM International; 2015.
[23] Zornberg JG, Cabral AR, Viratjandr C. Behaviour of tire shred – sand mixtures. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2004; 41(2): 227-241. doi:10.1139/t03-086
[24] Lee JH, Salgado R, Bernal A, Lovell CW. Shredded Tires and Rubber-Sand as Lightweight Backfill. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 1999; 125(2): 132-141. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:2(132))
[25] Lopera Perez JC, Kwok CY, Senetakis K. Micromechanical analyses of the effect of rubber size and content on sand-rubber mixtures at the critical state. Geotextiles and Geomembranes. 2017; 45(2): 81-97. doi: 10.1016/j.geotexmem.2016.11.005
[26] Lok T, Yu H. Laboratory Study on the Mechanical Behavior of Tire Chip-Sand Mixture. Pavement Mechanics and Performance: American Society of Civil Engineers. 2006; 157-164.
[27] Lee C, Truong QH, Lee W, Lee J-S. Characteristics of Rubber-Sand Particle Mixtures according to Size Ratio. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2010; 22(4): 323-331. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000027
[28] Madhusudhan Br, Boominathan A, Banerjee S. Engineering properties of sand–rubber tire shred mixtures. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 2019; 1-17. doi:10.1080/19386362.2019.1617479
[29] Balaban E, Ales S, and Onur MI. Influence of tire crumbs on mechanical properties of sand-fine soil mixtures. Geomechanics and Geoengineering. 2022; 17(1): 64-79. doi:10.1080/17486025.2019.1688870
[30] Abdullah W, Anfal A, Waleed E, Rana A-F, and AlKhamis M. Evaluation of Sand-tire Crumb Mixtures as Lightweight Fill Materials. Geomechanics and Geoengineering. 2023; 18(3): 208-221. doi: 10.1080/17486025.2021.2024897
[31] Mizher D, Tsang H-H, Disfani MM. Effects of bitumen on shear strength parameters of soil-rubber mixtures. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2024; 20: e03094. doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e03094
[32] Shariatmadari N, Mohsen N, and Rezvani R. Stress–strain behavior of marine calcareous soil-tire mixtures. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology. 2022; 40(6): 739-750. doi:10.1080/1064119X.2021.1937411
[33] Hataf N, Rahimi MM. Experimental investigation of bearing capacity of sand reinforced with randomly distributed tire shreds. Construction and Building Materials. 2006; 20(10): 910-916. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.06.019
[34] Reddy SB, Kumar DP, Krishna AM. Evaluation of the Optimum Mixing Ratio of a Sand-Tire Chips Mixture for Geoengineering Applications. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2016; 28(2): 06015007. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001335
[35] Ghazavi M, Amel-Sakhi M. Optimization of Aspect Ratio of Waste Tire Shreds in Sand-Shred Mixtures Using CBR Tests. Geotechnical Testing Journal. 2005; 28(6): 564-569. doi:10.1520/GTJ12126
[36] Alikhani M, Asadi M. Investigation of the Effect of Chips Orientation on the Shear Strength of Sand-Rubber Chips Mixture Journal of civil and environmental engineering. 2023; 54(1): 131-141. doi: 10.22034/CEEJ.2023.53947.2196 [In Persian]
 
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله
CAPTCHA Image
پژوهش های زیرساخت های عمرانی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 27 آذر 1404

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار