Construction of a New Hollow Cylinder Apparatus to Study the Tensile Behavior of Clay with Different Plasticity Indices

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, School of Engineering, Tehran University

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology

3 Faculty of Civil Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Soil tensile strength is important in different geotechnical structures such as earth dams, roads, airports, landfills, and retaining walls. There are several experiments to study the tensile behavior of soils with different advantages and disadvantages. One of the methods used to investigate soil tensile behavior is tensile hollow cylinder apparatus, which has seldom been used. In this research, a hollow cylindrical device to measure the tensile properties of soil was built and operated. This device can apply tensile stress evenly to the entire soil sample so that stress concentration does not occur at any point in the sample.  After designing, manufacturing, and assembling the apparatus, validation tests were performed to ensure the device was operating well. The results of the repeatability tests show the accurate performance of the device. Also, in this study, the effect of plasticity index (PI) on the tensile behavior of kaolinite clay was investigated. Clayey soils with plasticity indices of 10 and 24% were selected. The results show that for clays with a similar mineral, the tensile strength increases and the tensile failure strain decreases with increasing the plasticity index.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Vaníček, I., Jirásko, D., & Vaníček, M. (2020). Modern Earth Structures for Transport Engineering: Engineering and Sustainability Aspects. CRC Press https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429263668.
[2] Viswanadham, B., Jha, B., & Pawar, S. (2010). “Experimental study on flexural testing of compacted soil beams”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 22(5), 460-468.
[3] Puppala, A. J., & Pedarla, A. (2017). “Innovative ground improvement techniques for expansive soils”, Innovative Infrastructure Solutions, 2(1), 1-15.
[4] Kocasoy, G., & Curi, K. (1995) “The Ümraniye-Hekimbaşi open dump accident”, Waste management & research, 13(4), 305-314.
[5] Hudson, W. R., & Kennedy, T. W. (1968). An indirect tensile test for stabilized materials. Center for Highway Research, University of Texas at Austin.
[6] Ajaz, A., & Parry, R. (1975). “Stress–strain behaviour of two compacted clays in tension and compression”, Geotechnique, 25(3), 495-512.
[7] Dass, R., Yen, S., Puri, V., Das, B., & Wright, M. (1993). “Tensile stress-strain behavior of lightly cemented sand”, International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences & geomechanics abstracts, 30(7), 711-714.
[8] Kim, T.-H., & Hwang, C. (2003). “Modeling of tensile strength on moist granular earth material at low water content”, Engineering geology, 69(3-4), 233-244.
[9] Nahlawi, H., Chakrabarti, S., & Kodikara, J. (2004). “A direct tensile strength testing method for unsaturated geomaterials”, Geotechnical Testing Journal, 27(4), 356-361.
[10] Ammeri, A., Jamei, M., Guiras, H., Bouassida, M., Villard, P., Plé, O., Camp, S., & Gourc, J.P. (2006). “A Numerical study of compacted clay tensile strength by discrete element modelling: A bending test application”, First Euro Mediterranean In Advance on Geomaterials and Structures, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01099835
[11] Lu, N., Wu, B., & Tan, C. P. (2007). “Tensile strength characteristics of unsaturated sands”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 133(2), 144-154.
[12] Tamrakar, S. B., Mitachi, T., & Toyosawa, Y. (2007). “Factors affecting tensile strength measurement and modified tensile strength measuring apparatus for soil, in Experimental Unsaturated Soil Mechanics”, Springer, 207-218.
[13] Zeh, R. M., & Witt, K. J. (2007). “The tensile strength of compacted clays as affected by suction and soil structure, in Experimental unsaturated soil mechanics”, Springer, 219-226.
[14] Wang, J.-J., Zhu, J.-G., Chiu, C., & Zhang, H. (2007). “Experimental study on fracture toughness and tensile strength of a clay”, Engineering Geology, 94(1-2), 65-75.
[15] Arslan, H., Sture, S., & Batiste, S. (2008). “Experimental simulation of tensile behavior of lunar soil simulant JSC-1”, Materials Science and Engineering: A, 478(1-2), 201-207.
[16] Kim, T.-H., & Sture, S. (2008). “Capillary-induced tensile strength in unsaturated sands”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(5), 726-737.
[17] Li, J., Tang, C., Wang, D., Pei, X., & Shi, B. (2014). “Effect of discrete fibre reinforcement on soil tensile strength”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 6(2), 133-137.
[18] Divya, P., Viswanadham, B., & Gourc, J. (2014). “Evaluation of tensile strength-strain characteristics of fiber-reinforced soil through laboratory tests”, Journal of Materials in civil Engineering, 26(1), 14-23.
[19] Tang, C.-S., Pei, X.-J., Wang, D.-Y., Shi, B., & Li, J. (2015). “Tensile strength of compacted clayey soil”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141(4), 04014122.
[20] Zhang, B.-y., Li, Q.-m., Yuan, H.-n., & Sun, X. (2015). “Tensile fracture characteristics of compacted soils under uniaxial tension”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(10), 04014274.
[21] Tang, C.-S., Wang, D.-Y., Cui, Y.-J., Shi, B., & Li, J. (2016). “Tensile strength of fiber-reinforced soil”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(7), 04016031.
[22] Li, Y., Ling, X., Su, L., An, L., Li, P., & Zhao, Y. (2018). “Tensile strength of fiber reinforced soil under freeze-thaw condition”, Cold Regions Science and Technology, 146, 53-59.
[23] He, S., & Bai, H. (2019). “Elastic-Plastic Behavior of Compacted Loess under Direct and Cyclic Tension”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6038505.
[24] Tran, K. Q., Satomi, T., & Takahashi, H. (2019). “Tensile behaviors of natural fiber and cement reinforced soil subjected to direct tensile test”, Journal of Building Engineering, 24, 100748.
[25] Wong, C. K., Wan, R. G., & Wong, R. C. (2020). “Tensile and shear failure behaviour of compacted clay–hybrid failure mode”, International journal of geotechnical engineering, 14(3), 231-241.
[26] Anagnos, J. N., Kennedy, T. W., & Hudson, W. R. (1970). Evaluation and Prediction of Tensile Properties of Cement-Treated Materials. Center for Highway Research, University of Texas, Austin
[27] Krishnayya, A., & Eisenstein, Z. (1974). “Brazilian tensile test for soils”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 11(4), 632-642.
[28] Consoli, N. C., da Fonseca, A. V., Cruz, R. C., & Silva, S. R. (2011). “Voids/cement ratio controlling tensile strength of cement-treated soils”, Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 137(11), 1126-1131.
[29] Stracke, F., Jung, J. G., Korf, E. P., & Consoli., N. C. (2012). “The influence of moisture content on tensile and compressive strength of artificially cemented sand”, Soils Rocks, 35(3), 303-308.
[30] Anggraini, V., Asadi, A., Huat, B. B., & Nahazanan H. (2015). “Effects of coir fibers on tensile and compressive strength of lime treated soft soil”, Measurement, 59, 372-381.
[31] Gaspar, T. A. V. (2017). Investigating the tensile behaviour of unsaturated soils using the Brazilian disc test. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pretoria.
[32] Yang, B.-h., Weng, X.-z., Liu, J.-z., Kou, Y.-n., Jiang, L., Li, H.-l., Yan, X.-c. (2017). “Strength characteristics of modified polypropylene fiber and cement-reinforced loess”, Journal of Central South University, 24(3), 560-568.
[33] Baldovino, J. A., Moreira, E. B., Izzo, R. L. d. S., & Rose, J. L. (2018). “Empirical relationships with unconfined compressive strength and split tensile strength for the long term of a lime-treated silty soil”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 30(8), 06018008.
[34] Khajeh, A., Mola-Abasi, H., & Naderi Semsani, S. (2019). “Tensile strength parameters controlling of zeolite-cemented sands”, Scientia Iranica, 26(1), 213-223.
[35] Gao, C., Du, G., Guo, Q., Xia, H., Pan, H., & Cai, J. (2020). “Dynamic and Static Splitting-Tensile Properties of Basalt Fiber–Reinforced Cemented Clay Under Freeze–Thaw Cycles”, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 32(10), 06020014.
[36] Nezhad, M. G., Tabarsa, A., & Latifi, N. (2021). “Effect of natural and synthetic fibers reinforcement on California bearing ratio and tensile strength of clay”, Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 13(3), 626-642.
[37] Guo, P., Gu, J., Su, Y., Wang, J., & Ding, Z. (2021). “Effect of cyclic wetting–drying on tensile mechanical behavior and microstructure of clay-bearing sandstone”, International Journal of Coal Science & Technology, 1-13.
[38] He, S., Wang, X., Bai, H., Xu, Z., & Ma, D. (2021). “Effect of fiber dispersion, content and aspect ratio on tensile strength of PP fiber reinforced soil”, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 15, 1613-1621.
[39] MN, J., AW, A.-D., & MT, A.-L. (2008). “Tensile strength of natural and lime stabilized Mosul clay”, Al-Rafidain Engineering Journal (AREJ), 16(2), 1-11.
[40] Correia, A. A., Oliveira, P. J. V., & Custódio, D. G. (2015). “Effect of polypropylene fibres on the compressive and tensile strength of a soft soil, artificially stabilised with binders”, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 43(2), 97-106.
[41] Al-Hussaini, M. (1981). Tensile properties of compacted soils, in Laboratory Shear Strength of Soil. ASTM International, 740, 207-225.
[42] Timoshenko, S. (1940). Strength of Materials. Part I (1940), Part II (1941). New York. Van Nostrand.
[43] Pourzargar, A. (2017). Application of suction stress concept to partially saturated compacted soils. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ruhr university bochum.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image
Civil Infrastructure Researches
Volume 7, Issue 1 - Serial Number 12
September 2021
Pages 153-171

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics