Enhancing Stability and Reduce Damage in Rubble-Mound Reshaping Breakwaters by Using Obstacles in Front of the Structure

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz

2 Department of Civil Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Ph.D. Candidate, Water Engineering and Hydraulic Structures, Aras International Campus, University of Tabriz

Abstract

Strengthening breakwaters can reduce the damages that lead to hydraulic instability. Aiming to enhance the stability of reshaping breakwaters, this experimental study presents a method for controlling and reducing structural damages against waves by attaching a submerged obstacle to the structure toe and installing a floating wave barrier at a certain distance. In the tests, the breakwater was exposed to a total of 3000 random waves based on the JONSWAP spectrum. By generating an integrated 3D digital model of the structure using close-range photogrammetry, the displacement of armour units was recorded, and the damage parameter was calculated. Moreover, a comparison of the results between reinforced and simple breakwater indicated that the damage parameter was reduced by 37.19 and 34.14 percent by, respectively, attaching the submerged obstacle and installing the floating wave barrier, which confirms the good performance of the proposed models. Breakwater reinforcement with the submerged obstacle and the floating wave barrier simultaneously reduced the damage parameter by 51.79 percent, which was the highest efficiency among the different models. Also, the results show that with increasing the stability number, the damage parameter also increases, and the interaction between the wave steepness and the damage parameter indicates that the damage parameter decreases with increasing the wave sharpness values.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

[1] Ghanbarian, M. (2010). “Rubble-Mound Breakwaters Vol.1: Types of Breakwaters, Principles, and Overview”, Khatam Al-Anbiya Construction Headquarter.
[2] Da Silva, R. F., Sayao, O., & Conceicao, L. P. (2016). “Analysis of Rubble-Mound Breakwater Damage: Case Study of Existing Breakwater Rehabilitation”, IX Pinac Copedec Conference.
[3] Shafieefar, M., Shakeri, M. R., & Hofland, B. (2020). “Influence of Toe Berm Geometry on Stability of Reshaping Berm Breakwaters”, Coastal Engineering, 157, 103636. 
[4] Lamberti, A., Tomasicchio, G.R., & Guiducci, F. (1994). “Reshaping Breakwaters in Deep and Shallow Water Conditions”, Proceeding of 24th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, Kobe, Japan, ASCE, 1343-1358.
[5] Nassiraei, H., Heidarzade, M., Shafieefar, M. (2016). “Numerical Simulation of Long Waves (Tsunami) Forces on Caisson Breakwaters”, Sharif Journal of Civil Engineering, 32.2(3.2), 3-12.
[6] Lotfollahi-Yaghin, M.A., & Nassiraei, H. (2016). “Numerical Simulation of Tsunami Waves Forces on Coastal Structures”, Journal of Oceanography, 6(24), 23-30. 
[7] Mousavi, Sh. (2010). “Rubble-Mound Breakwaters Vol.2: Design of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters”, Khatam Al-Anbiya Construction Headquarter.
[8] Campos, A., Castillo, C., & Sánchez, R. (2020). “Damage in Rubble-Mound Breakwaters. Part I: Historical Review of Damage Models”, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 8(5), 317. 
[9] Ehsani, M., Moghim, M., & Shafieefar, M. (2020). “An Experimental Study on the Hydraulic Stability of Icelandic Type Berm Breakwaters”, Coastal Engineering, 156, 103599. 
[10] Vieira, F., Taveira-Pinto, F., & Rosa-Santos, P. (2021). “Damage Evolution in Single-Layer Cube Armoured Breakwaters with a Regular Placement Pattern”, Coastal Engineering, 169, 103943. 
[11] Yuksel, Y., Cevik, E., Van Gent M. R. A., Sahin, C., & Altunsu, A. (2020). “Stability of Berm Type Breakwater with Cube Blocks in the Lower Slope and Berm”, Ocean Engineering, 217, 107985. 
[12] Galiatsatou, P., Makris, C., & Prinos, P. (2018). “Optimized Reliability Based Upgrading of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters in a Changing Climate”, Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6(3), 92. 
[13] Janardhan, P., Harish, N., Rao, S., & Shirlal, K. G. (2015) “Performance of Variable Selection Method for the Damage Level Prediction of Reshaped Berm Breakwater”, ICWRCOE 2015, Aquatic Procedia, 4, 302- 307.
[14] Li, X., & Zhang, W. (2019). “3D Numerical Simulation of Wave Transmission for Low-Crested and Submerged Breakwaters”, Coastal Engineering, 156, 103517. 
[15] Twu, S. W., Liu, C. C., & Hsu, W. H. (2001). “Wave Damping Characteristics of Deeply Submerged Breakwaters”, ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 127(2), 97-105.
[16] Neves, A., Veloso-Gomes, F., & Taveira-Pinto, F. (2007). “Analysis of the Wave-Flow Interaction with Submerged Breakwaters”, WIT Transactions on Modelling and Simulation, 46, 147-154.
[17] Bungin, E. R. (2021). “The Effect of Square Submerged Breakwater on Wave Transmission in the Coastal Area”, AC2SET 2020, IOP Conference series: Materials Science and Engineering. 
[18] Tulsi, K., & Phelp, D. (2009). “Monitoring and Maintenance of Breakwaters which Protect Port Entrances”, 28th Annual Transport Conference (SATC) 2009, Pretoria, South Africa, 317-325.
[19] Stefanutti Stocks, M. (2015). “Rubble-Mound Breakwater vs. Tandem Breakwater Cost Estimation”, Cape Town, Stefanutti Stocks Marine.
[20] He, F., Huang, Z., & Law, A.W. (2012). “Hydrodynamic Performance of a Rectangular Floating Breakwater with and without Pneumatic Chambers: An Experimental Study”, Ocean Engineering, 51(1), 16-27. 
[21] Tiao-Jian, X., Xiao-Rong, W., Wei-Jun G., Guo-Hai, D., & Hui-Min, H. (2020). “Numerical Simulation of Combined effect of Pneumatic Breakwater and Submerged Breakwater on Wave Damping”, Ships and Offshore Structures, 1-15.
[22] Quiroga, I., Vidal, C., Lara, J., Gonzalez, M. & Sainz, A. (2018). “Stability of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters under Tsunami First Impact and Overflow Based on Laboratory Experiments”, Coastal Engineering, 135, 39-54. 
[23] Hakimzadeh, H., & Kabiri, A. (2018). “Numerical Investigation into Effect of Geometries of Floating Breakwaters Having the Same Draft and Mass on their Efficiencies”, Marine Engineering, 14(27), 81-94.
[24] Mohammadzadeh, M. R., Arefi, H., & Alidoost, F. (2018). “Comprehensive Evaluation of Modeling and Surface Simplification Methods for 3D Building Reconstruction from Dense Point Cloud”, Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology, 7(4), 163-175. 
[25] Van Der Meer, J.W. (1988). “Rock Slopes and Gravel Beaches under Wave Attack”, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft Hydraulics Communication.
[26] Andersen, T. L. (2006). “Hydraulic Response of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters: Scale Effects - Berm Breakwaters”, Hydraulics & Coastal Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering Aalborg University. 
[27] Ataie Ashtiani, B. (2006). Coastal Engineering (Coastal Hydrodynamics). ACECR, Amirkabir University of Technology Branch.
Send comment about this article
CAPTCHA Image

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics